OBITUARY: Ludo Martens (1946-2011)
On the afternoon of Sunday 5
June 2011, Comrade Ludo Martens, the founding president of the Workers’ Party
of Belgium (PTB) passed away. He is survived by two children – his daughter
Amada and son Yakobu. We send our heartfelt condolences to his children, to
his family, and to the PTB for this irreparable loss.
Early
life
Born in 1946, Ludo was the eldest son of a
furniture manufacturer; he grew up in the small town of Wingene, West Flanders,
Belgium. At school he showed great flair for languages and became editor of a
newspaper. He had a keen interest in music and poetry. These skills, acquired
in early years, were to stay with him and serve him well.
In 1965 he entered Louvain University to study
medicine, which promised him the career of an excellent doctor. His heart,
however, was in struggle, the cause of liberation. So he became active in
KVHV, the Catholic Union of Flemish Students in Higher Education. Along with
Paul Goossens, Walter De Bock and Herwig Lerouge, he began to mobilise fellow
students along progressive and internationalist lines. Under his inspiring
leadership, the Students’ Union movement (SVB) rejected the narrow nationalist
slogan “Walloons out” and instead unfurled the banner of struggle against the
Catholic establishment, the Flemish bourgeoisie and the elitism of the Flemish
university.
For this, Ludo was hated by the clergy, the
academic establishment and the Flemish nationalists, all of whom made every
effort to malign him and turn him into a nonentity. In ‘Our Life’, the
magazine he ran at the University, Ludo exposed and denounced paedophilia
within the church – an explosive issue on which he was a full four decades
ahead of his time. With this, the authorities could no longer bear Ludo’s
presence at the university and went on to expel him, thus depriving working
people of the services of a Belgian Norman Bethune.
From the time of his expulsion, the fight against
nationalism and the steadfast defence of proletarian internationalism were to
run like a red thread in all of Ludo’s political activities over a period of
four decades. While all other parties, one after the other, succumbing to
narrow nationalism, split along language and national lines, the Workers’ Party
of Belgium, Ludo’s most important legacy to the Belgian working class,
remained, and continues to remain, a party of all Belgian workers, Flemish and
Walloons, united in the struggle for socialism through the overthrow of Belgian
imperialism.
Ludo was greatly influenced by the student movement
of May 1968 across many European capitals. Having visited Berlin, where he
came into contact with German students under the deep sway of Marxism-Leninism,
he introduced the thought of Marxism into the Belgian student movement and
impressed on it the necessity of creating a workers’ and students’ front. It
was, he insisted, the job of the revolutionary intelligentsia to understand and
pass on to the working class the laws of motion of history, the sources of all
injustice, and the way forward. It was thus that, when the workers at a
factory in Louvain went on strike, the SVB students pledged complete solidarity
with the strikers. This was a truly revolutionary change, considering that a
decade earlier the members of the KHVH had acted as the shock troops of the
bourgeoisie against the pickets during the strikes of 1960-61. This new trend
of student-worker solidarity was to spread further afield in the struggles of
the Belgian working class.
Party
founding
Having had the benefit of experiencing strike
actions by the working class, and the solidarity extended by students to these
actions, Ludo and his comrades were faced with the question: what next?
Naturally, he turned to Lenin’s epoch-making work, ‘What is to be Done?’ He
and his close comrades made a serious and collective study of this book and
came to the conclusion that it was not enough to have strikes, strike
committees, solidarity actions with the strikers, or even a militant trade
union. Instead what was needed was a political party of the working class with
its own national newspaper, produced as frequently as the Party was able. Thus
was born Alle macht aan de arbeiders (AMADA)[1], which
in 1979 renamed itself the PTB.
With ‘Serve the People’ as his guiding principle,
Ludo encouraged Kris Merckx to set up a primary care medical centre to provide
free medical care to working class people in the vicinity of Hoboken. Both the
party and the medical services initiated by it have grown enormously since
those early days. Presently the PTB has a membership of 4500, with branches in
30 cities and 120 workplaces, while the number of free medical centres has
risen to 11, which dispense free health care to over 25,000 people.
From very early on in his political journey, Ludo
realised the importance of revolutionary theory, as well as the significance of
revolutionary organisation in the struggle of the proletariat for its social
emancipation. Hence his constant emphasis on the need for his party comrades to
master the revolutionary theory of Marxism-Leninism and to strengthen the PTB
and purge it of opportunist elements. He studied and worked hard; and he
expected his comrades to do the same.
Always modest, he was willing to acknowledge his
own mistakes in the light of deeper study and historical experience. This he
did on questions ranging from the role of the trade union movement to the Three
World Theory. He had a great facility for working with people whose views were
opposed to his. While standing firmly by his principles, he showed great
patience in listening to he arguments of his opponents, and never shying away
from debate, for science, he believed, had nothing to fear from debate. These
characteristics of modesty, hard work, patience, ability to work with
opponents, combined with his firm adherence to the ideals of communism, helped
him to lead a united PTB, while many other organisations and parties which
emerged in Belgium as well as abroad became highly factionalised and eventually
ceased to exist.
Internationalism
Ludo was a thoroughgoing internationalist. He led
his party to give unstinting support to the struggle of the oppressed people
against imperialism, firmly guided by the principle that “the revolutionary
movement in the advanced countries would actually be a sheer fraud if, in their
struggle against capital, the workers of Europe and America were not closely
and completely united with hundreds upon hundreds of millions of ‘colonial’
slaves who are oppressed by capital” (Lenin, ‘The second Congress of the
Communist International’, 1920).
The support given by the PTB to the national
liberation struggles of the Indochinese people against US imperialism; the
Palestinian people against Zionism and its imperialist patrons, especially US
imperialism; the struggle of the Cuban people against the US blockade, threats
and aggression; the struggle of the DPRK to maintain its independence,
sovereignty and socialist system – are just a few of the examples of the PTB’s
adherence, under Ludo’s leadership, to the principles of proletarian
internationalism. Nowhere were these principles put into practice by the PTB
more thoroughly than on the question of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),
a country where Belgian imperialism had committed the most unspeakable crimes,
resulting in the deaths of millions for Congolese for the enrichment of the
Belgian monarchy and the Belgian bourgeoisie.
It is far easier to vociferate against the crimes
of the imperialist bourgeoisie of another country than against that of one’s
‘own’. But, under Ludo’s leadership, the PTB stood this test honourably by
supporting in every possible way – ideologically, politically and materially –
the revolutionary movement of the Congolese people against Belgian imperialism
as well as all other imperialist powers.
Ludo devoted the last ten years of his active
political life almost entirely to the support of the Congolese people. In
addition to his earlier books on Pierre Mulele and Léonie Abo, Ludo wrote his
masterpiece ‘Laurent Kabila and the Congolese Revolution’ during this period.
Alas, illness prevented him from completing this work.
Ludo was able to stand firm on this
anti-imperialist ground, for he fully understood the meaning of Lenin’s dictum
that the “…fight against imperialism is a sham and a fraud unless it is
inseparably bound up with the fight against opportunism” (Imperialism,
the highest stage of capitalism). Following in Lenin’s footsteps, Ludo
well understood, and repeatedly emphasised, that opportunism in the
working-class movement of the imperialist countries was not an accidental
phenomenon; that, on the contrary, it had deep economic roots, namely, in the
superprofits received by the bourgeoisie of the imperialist countries from the
plunder of the whole world, a part of which plunder could be, and is, used to
bribe the upper stratum of the workers – the labour aristocracy – and thus
engender a split in the working class; that this stratum of “bourgeoisified
workers” serves as the “principal SOCIAL … support of the bourgeoisie
… the real AGENTS OF THE BOURGEOISIE IN THE LABOUR MOVEMENT” (ibid.).
Hence the need for a ruthless exposure of, and struggle against, opportunism.
At a time when so many parties, nominally
communist, found it convenient to swim with the imperialist tide, the PTB,
under Ludo’s leadership, gave firm support to the resistance of the oppressed
people against imperialism – from Yugoslavia to Iraq and Afghanistan.
Fight against racism
Ludo fully understood that racism was a tool in the
hands of the exploiting class to weaken and divide the working class. As such,
it had to be fiercely combated and defeated.
Thus, when in 1991, the Vlaams Blok (VB) achieved
its first major electoral breakthrough by winning 479,917 votes, the PTB, under
Ludo’s leadership, launched the Objective 479,917 Campaign, which aimed
at collecting as many signatures as the number of votes cast for the VB in
favouring granting Belgian nationality to all those immigrants who had resided
in Belgium for five years. Against all expectations, the activists of the PTB
succeeded in overfulfilling this objective by collecting more than a million
signatures.
That the fight for equal rights, for equality of
treatment, irrespective of race, religion, gender or national origin continues
to be one of the abiding principles of the PTB, is in no small measure due to
Ludo’s penetrating understanding of this question and his firm and inspiring
leadership against this pernicious disease.
Defence
of Stalin and the USSR
Ludo was fearless in
his defence of the leadership of Joseph Stalin during the USSR’s three decades of particular difficulty and exceptional achievement, decades of
socialist industrialisation, successful collectivisation, which brought into
being a modern, cultured society, resulting in the crowning victory of the
Soviet people and progressive humanity over Hitlerite Germany. His book Another
view of Stalin, while nailing the bourgeois, professorial and Khrushchevite
revisionist lies about Stalin, brought to the fore the brilliance of Stalin’s
stewardship of the CPSU(B) and the USSR, which made such a monumental
contribution to the march forward of the Soviet people and humanity at large.
He correctly attributed
the subsequent degeneration and collapse of the Soviet Union to the triumph of
Khrushchevite revisionism – to the capture of the Soviet fortress from within
by the opportunist enemies. He ended his book on Stalin with these words:
“In the years to
come, as the criminal, barbaric and inhuman character of imperialism shows
itself more and more clearly, new generations who never knew Stalin will pay
homage to him. They will follow the words of Mao Zedong who, on December 21,
1939, in the distant caves of China … toasted Stalin’s sixtieth birthday:
“’Congratulating
Stalin means supporting him and his cause, supporting the victory of socialism,
and the way forward for mankind which he points out, it means supporting a dear
friend. For the great majority of mankind today are suffering, and mankind can
free itself from suffering only by the road pointed out by Stalin and with his
help’.” (Another view of Stalin, p.295).
Let it be said in
passing that Ludo was the last significant working-class leader to have met
Comrade Kim Il Sung just two weeks before the latter’s death. President Kim Il
Sung’s Collected Works carry his talk to Ludo, during which he said “I
think it is very good that you have written a book about Stalin. I intend to
read it”. Coming from such a serious and erudite revolutionary as Kim Il
Sung, this is praise indeed.
The wave of
counter-revolution that swept across the European socialist countries, and
eventually overwhelmed the Soviet Union, provided Ludo with an opportunity to
correct somewhat his earlier views and present a more nuanced analysis of the
developments in these countries.
This balanced approach
became the basis for the establishment of the annual International Communist
Seminar, which has been held each May since 1992 to facilitate dialogue and
exchange of views between communist parties in the aftermath of the collapse of
the CPSU(B) and the demise of the Soviet Union.
Focus
on Congo
In 1999, Ludo requested
the PTB to relieve him of the post of party president, a position he had held
since the founding of the PTB, as he wished to pursue his passion for work in
the Congo. This request was reluctantly granted by the PTB. In nearly a
decade, following 1999, Ludo wrote his authoritative book on Kabila and the
Congolese revolution, while at the same time helping to lay the foundations of
a communist party in the DRC.
Death
On the afternoon of 5
June, following a long illness, Ludo breathed his last. With this, the heart
of one of the boldest defenders of communism, one of the most implacable
enemies of imperialism in the present-day international working-class movement,
ceased to beat. His death has brought great loss to the anti-revisionist
movement and the gap left by his departure will be felt in the coming days.
In his article ‘Serve
the People’, Cde Mao Zedong wrote: “A man must die, but death can vary in
significance. The ancient Chinese writer Szuma Chien said: ‘Though death
befalls all men alike, it may be weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than a
feather’. To die for the people is weightier than Mount Tai, but to work for
the fascists and die for the exploiters and oppressors is lighter than a
feather.” (September 1944, Selected Works, Vol 4, p.228). In view of
Ludo’s dedicated service to the working-class movement, his death weighs
heavier than Mount Tai.
When he was admitted as
a youngster to read medicine at the university, a career of comfort and
opulence beckoned him. However, he spurned all that in order to put himself at
the service of the proletariat and the oppressed peoples.
In his world-famous and
inspirational novel, ‘How the Steel was Tempered’, Nikolai Ostrovsky wrote:
“Man’s dearest
possession is life, and it is given to him to live but once, he must so live it
as to feel no torturing regrets for years without purpose; so live as not to be
seared with the shame of a cowardly and trivial past; so live, that dying he
can say: ‘All my life and all my strength were given to the finest cause in the
world – the liberation of mankind’”.
Comrade Ludo can never
have had torturing regrets for a purposeless and wasted life, for all his life
and strength were truly devoted to the finest cause in the world – the
liberation of mankind.
Farewell, Cde Ludo
Martens! You have died, but never surrendered the banner of the liberation
of humanity from the clutches of oppression and exploitation of one human being
by another and of one nation by another – the banner of Marx, Engels, Lenin and
Stalin.
Harpal Brar
Editor, Lalkar
NOTE [1] AMADA: All power to the workers